Everything, item by item

The credit rises to $2,200 and is indexed, but the parent claiming it (and the spouse, on a joint return) must have a Social Security number. Children have needed one since 2018; now a citizen child whose parent files with an ITIN gets nothing.

The Center on Budget and Policy Priorities estimates about 2.6 million children with Social Security numbers lose the credit, up to $2,200 per child per year, because of a parent's status. Separately, about 19 million children in low-earning families still receive less than the full credit because it phases in with earnings.

Extension and enhancement of increased child tax credit

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Tracking Senate action on the tax and budget plan: Child Tax Credit (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities)
• Nonpartisan The Child Tax Credit would exclude millions of American children (Tax Policy Center)
• Official Noncitizen eligibility for the Child Tax Credit (Congressional Research Service)

ICE's own data show book-ins from its arrests rising from about 8,600 a month in late 2024 to 39,563 in June 2026, and the department reported a record 50,925 arrests in August 2026. Detention averaged a record 71,937 people in January 2026, up from 40,203 the month the term began, in new sites including a tent camp at Fort Bliss. Local police in 39 states now hold 2,466 agreements to enforce immigration law during ordinary stops, up from 135.

On July 11, 2026, 70.6% of the 65,765 people in ICE detention had no criminal conviction. ICE reports 24 deaths in custody in fiscal 2025 and 23 in fiscal 2026 through August; an El Paso medical examiner ruled one Fort Bliss death a homicide. Courts have ruled against the new tactics repeatedly: expedited removal without a hearing for anyone in the country under two years was blocked in August 2025, and the Supreme Court held that Venezuelans sent to a Salvadoran prison under the Alien Enemies Act were entitled to notice and a hearing.

ICE's own detention statistics; about 12,000 new officers hired with $50,000 signing bonuses

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official Detention management statistics (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement)
• Nonpartisan Immigration quick facts (TRAC, Syracuse University)
• Nonpartisan ICE arrests jump to nearly 50,000 in July, highest monthly total of the crackdown (PBS NewsHour / AP)
• Conservative ICE sets new monthly record in August (Washington Examiner)
• Official 287(g) program (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement)
• Nonpartisan Local police join ICE deportation force in record numbers (ProPublica)
• Official Detainee death reporting (U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement)
• Nonpartisan A.A.R.P. v. Trump (Alien Enemies Act removals) (SCOTUSblog)

The department ended protected status for roughly 600,000 Venezuelans, about 353,000 Haitians, 72,000 Hondurans, and holders from Afghanistan, Nepal, Nicaragua, Syria, Burma, Ethiopia, Somalia and Yemen. The Supreme Court's own summary notes the administration "has terminated every TPS designation that has come up for renewal." Only El Salvador, Lebanon, Sudan and Ukraine remain. Separately, the parole program for 532,000 Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans was ended with the Court's permission in May 2025.

People who have lived and worked here legally for ten to twenty-five years, many with citizen children, lost work permits and protection from deportation. The first deportation flight of former Haitian TPS holders left on August 21, 2026. Employers in Florida and Texas lost a large legal workforce.

A 6–3 ruling held that courts cannot review TPS terminations except on constitutional grounds

Decided by a federal court. Opens the primary source.

• Official Mullin v. Doe (slip opinion, June 25, 2026) (Supreme Court of the United States)
• Official Termination of the 2023 designation of Venezuela for TPS (Federal Register)
• Official Termination of the designation of Haiti for TPS (Federal Register)
• Official Temporary Protected Status (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services)
• Nonpartisan Noem v. National TPS Alliance (SCOTUSblog)
• Official Termination of parole processes for Cubans, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans (Federal Register)
• Conservative ICE sends first plane of Haitian deportees home after ending TPS (Washington Examiner)

SNAP eligibility is limited to citizens, green-card holders, Cuban and Haitian entrants, and COFA citizens. Refugees, asylees, trafficking survivors and others who were eligible lose benefits.

USDA estimated 60,000 to 125,000 people affected, many of them families with U.S.-citizen children whose household benefit shrinks when a parent is removed from the case.

Alien SNAP eligibility

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan By the numbers: the megabill's health and food assistance cuts (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities)
• Conservative Immigration and health care in the One Big Beautiful Bill (Paragon Health Institute)

Applying for asylum, which used to be free, now costs $100 to file plus $100 a year while the case is pending. Work permits cost $550 initially and $275 to renew, Temporary Protected Status $500, humanitarian parole $1,000, and there are new fees for adjustment of status, appeals and more. Most cannot be waived for inability to pay, and most rise with inflation.

Asylum cases routinely take four or more years, so a family of four can owe thousands of dollars just to keep their cases alive and stay legally employed. People who cannot pay lose work authorization and, with it, the ability to support themselves lawfully.

Asylum fee (and Secs. 100003–100016)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Advocacy OBBBA immigration fees flyer (American Immigration Lawyers Association)
• Advocacy What's in the Big Beautiful Bill? Immigration and border security unpacked (American Immigration Council)
• Conservative Immigration and health care in the One Big Beautiful Bill (Paragon Health Institute)

Adults without a qualifying exemption must work or train 80 hours a month or lose SNAP after three months in any three years. The age range rose from 18–54 to 18–64, parents are covered once their youngest child turns 14, and the exemptions for veterans, people experiencing homelessness, and young adults aging out of foster care were repealed.

CBO estimated about 2.4 million people lose benefits in an average month from the work provisions. By August 2026 USDA data showed SNAP participation down about 13%, from 42.2 million to 36.6 million, in a single year. The time limit applies whatever the reason you are not working, whether a caregiving spell or a layoff in a one-employer town. A health problem that falls short of a formal disability finding does not exempt you either.

Modifications to SNAP work requirements for able-bodied adults

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Official CBO supplemental: SNAP provisions of Public Law 119-21 (Congressional Budget Office)
• Official SNAP participation shows marked decline (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
• Nonpartisan Over 4 million people are no longer receiving food aid amid sweeping changes to SNAP (NPR)
• Nonpartisan By the numbers: the megabill's health and food assistance cuts (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities)
• Conservative Understanding the recent declines in SNAP participation (American Enterprise Institute)

Since 2021, larger premium tax credits meant nobody paid more than 8.5% of income for a benchmark plan and people just above the poverty line paid nothing. This law, which rewrote much of the tax code, did not extend them, so they expired. A House-passed extension died in the Senate in January 2026.

KFF estimated the average subsidized enrollee's premium payment rises 114%, about $1,016 a year. The jumps are far larger for people in their 50s and 60s, and anyone earning just over four times the poverty line loses the subsidy entirely. Marketplace enrollment fell from about 22 million in 2025 to about 19 million in early 2026, and CBO expects roughly 4 million more uninsured from the expiration on top of the law's other effects.

Not a section: the law omitted an extension of the enhanced premium tax credits, which expired December 31, 2025

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Marketplace premium payments would more than double if enhanced credits expire (KFF)
• Nonpartisan What we know so far about 2026 marketplace enrollment, premiums and deductibles (KFF)
• Nonpartisan ACA marketplace enrollment drops after subsidy lapse (The Hill)
• Nonpartisan Enhanced premium tax credits: legislative developments in 2025 and 2026 (Association of State and Territorial Health Officials)
• Nonpartisan Senate fails to extend enhanced ACA subsidies (Health Affairs)
• Conservative Marjorie Taylor Greene breaks with GOP on Obamacare premium hikes (NBC News)

The Congressional Budget Office added up the tax cuts and the benefit cuts for every income group. Households in the lowest tenth lose about $1,200 a year, 3.1% of their income, mainly from Medicaid and SNAP. Households in the highest tenth gain about $13,600 a year. Yale's Budget Lab and the Penn Wharton Budget Model reached the same shape.

If your household earns under about $25,000, the law on average takes more from you in benefits than it gives you in tax cuts. The tax cuts you do get, such as the larger standard deduction, are worth less to you than to a higher earner because you owe less tax to begin with.

Whole law: CBO distributional analysis of Public Law 119-21

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Official Distributional effects of Public Law 119-21 (Congressional Budget Office)
• Nonpartisan Distribution of tax cuts in the new tax law (Yale Budget Lab)
• Nonpartisan OBBBA: budget, economic, and distributional effects (Penn Wharton Budget Model)
• Conservative FAQ: the One Big Beautiful Bill Act tax changes (Tax Foundation)

The law's Medicaid cuts fall on rural areas in proportion to how much their residents rely on Medicaid, which is more than urban areas. KFF estimates about $137 billion of the $911 billion in federal Medicaid cuts over ten years lands in rural areas. The Rural Health Transformation Program offers $50 billion over five years, distributed to all 50 states in December 2025.

Republican senators Josh Hawley of Missouri and Thom Tillis of North Carolina warned before the vote that the Medicaid cuts would close rural hospitals; Senator Susan Collins voted no in part for that reason. The University of North Carolina's Sheps Center identified more than 300 rural hospitals already at risk of closure or service cuts. When a rural hospital closes, the nearest emergency room can be an hour away for everyone in the county, insured or not, and it is often the largest employer.

Rural Health Transformation Program

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan How might federal Medicaid cuts affect rural areas? (KFF)
• Nonpartisan A closer look at the $50 billion rural health fund (KFF)
• Nonpartisan GOP budget bill could put 338 rural hospitals at risk of closure (Becker's Hospital Review (Sheps Center data))
• Nonpartisan Medicaid cuts threaten hundreds of hospitals, new report finds (NBC News)
• Conservative Don't cut Medicaid (op-ed, New York Times) (Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.))
• Conservative Tillis: Medicaid cuts "will betray the very promise" Trump made (NPR (Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C.))
• Conservative Tillis denounces Trump's Big Beautiful Bill hours after retirement announcement (Fox News)
• Conservative Sen. Collins votes no, citing Medicaid cuts and rural hospitals (WGME (Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine))

New graduate students can borrow at most $20,500 a year and $100,000 total; students in "professional" programs such as medicine, dentistry, law and pharmacy at most $50,000 a year and $200,000 total, with a $257,500 lifetime cap on all federal loans. Grad PLUS, which covered the full cost of attendance, is closed to new borrowers. Which programs count as "professional" was left to the Education Department, and its rule excluded nursing, physical therapy, social work and others.

The median cost of four years of medical school is well over $250,000. Students without family money must turn to private lenders, which charge more and usually want a co-signer. Private loans have no income-based repayment and no forgiveness for public service. Rural areas, which already struggle to recruit doctors, dentists and nurses, feel this first.

Establishment of loan limits for graduate and professional students and parent borrowers; termination of Graduate and Professional PLUS loan program

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan New limits on medical and nursing school loans worry health educators (NPR)
• Nonpartisan Changes to federal student loans could worsen the doctor shortage (Association of American Medical Colleges)
• Nonpartisan What the One Big Beautiful Bill will change for students, schools and colleges (NPR)
• Conservative The big beautiful fix for graduate school borrowing (American Enterprise Institute)
• Conservative A primer on private student lending in the post–Grad PLUS era (American Enterprise Institute)

Only two plans remain: a standard fixed plan and the new Repayment Assistance Plan (RAP), which charges 1% to 10% of income with a $10 minimum and forgives the balance after 30 years. SAVE (already blocked by courts and vacated in 2026), PAYE and ICR are repealed. Taking any new federal loan after July 2026 moves all your loans into the new system.

SAVE forgave undergraduate loans after 10 to 20 years and set payments at 5% of discretionary income; RAP uses total income, so many borrowers pay more each month and wait a decade longer for forgiveness. The Education Department began forcing plan switches in July 2026, defaulting non-responders to the standard plan.

Loan repayment

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan What the One Big Beautiful Bill will change for students, schools and colleges (NPR)
• Conservative The Big Beautiful Bill gives some of higher ed's ugliest problems a makeover (Cato Institute)

Federal Medicaid is limited to green-card holders (after the existing 5-year wait), Cuban and Haitian entrants, and citizens of the Compact of Free Association nations. Refugees, people granted asylum, trafficking and domestic-violence survivors, and others who are here legally and were previously eligible are cut off. Federal funding for emergency Medicaid for some immigrants also drops.

People admitted to the United States because they fled persecution lose health coverage, including pregnant women and children in some states. Hospitals still treat emergencies and absorb more unpaid bills.

Alien Medicaid eligibility (and Sec. 71110, Expansion FMAP for emergency Medicaid)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan 1.4 million lawfully present immigrants are expected to lose health coverage (KFF)
• Conservative Immigration and health care in the One Big Beautiful Bill (Paragon Health Institute)

Adults 19–64 covered through Medicaid expansion must document at least 80 hours a month of work, job training, school, or community service, or an income of at least the equivalent, to enroll and to stay enrolled. States check this at application and at every renewal, with a look-back of one to three months. Exemptions exist for parents of children 13 and under, pregnant women, people who are "medically frail," and a few other groups, but you have to be identified or prove it.

The Congressional Budget Office expects about 5 million people to lose coverage from this provision alone, and the federal rule implementing it estimates 2.3 million lose Medicaid in the first year. Arkansas tried this in 2018: 18,000 people lost coverage in months, most of them working or exempt, and employment did not rise. Georgia's version, running since 2023, had about 19,000 people enrolled in mid-2026 after spending roughly $166 million, most of it on administration. Nebraska, the first state to enforce the new federal rule, began removing people in August 2026. If your hours vary, you work cash jobs, you are a caregiver, or you miss a notice, you can lose coverage while still eligible.

Requirement for states to establish Medicaid community engagement requirements

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Official Medicaid community engagement requirement: interim final rule fact sheet (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)
• Nonpartisan Medicaid work requirement rules: exemptions explained (KFF Health News)
• Nonpartisan A closer look at the work requirement provisions (KFF)
• Nonpartisan Medicaid work requirements tracker (KFF)
• Nonpartisan Nebraska becomes first state to disenroll Medicaid recipients under new work requirements (Nebraska Public Media)
• Nonpartisan Nebraska's Medicaid work requirement: fears of losing coverage (KFF Health News)
• Nonpartisan Montana Medicaid work requirements loom; questions remain (Montana Free Press)
• Nonpartisan What we know from state work-requirement experience (KFF)
• Nonpartisan Medicaid work requirements: results from the first year in Arkansas (New England Journal of Medicine)
• Nonpartisan New evidence confirms Arkansas's Medicaid work requirement did not boost employment (Urban Institute)
• Nonpartisan Georgia Pathways data tracker (GeorgiaPathways.org)
• Nonpartisan Georgia's Medicaid work-requirement experiment: high cost, low enrollment (KFF Health News)
• Conservative Medicaid work requirements are a short-term fix to a long-term problem (Reason)

Premium tax credits are limited to green-card holders, Cuban and Haitian entrants, and COFA citizens. Refugees, asylees, TPS holders and other lawfully present immigrants lose them, and lawfully present immigrants below the poverty line who are barred from Medicaid because of the 5-year wait lose the credit that used to fill that gap.

Full-price marketplace premiums are out of reach for most of the people affected, so they become uninsured.

Permitting premium tax credit only for certain individuals (and Sec. 71302)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan 1.4 million lawfully present immigrants are expected to lose health coverage (KFF)
• Conservative Immigration and health care in the One Big Beautiful Bill (Paragon Health Institute)

Medicare eligibility is restricted to citizens, green-card holders, Cuban and Haitian entrants, and COFA citizens. Others who paid into Medicare through payroll taxes, including refugees and asylees, are removed after an 18-month transition.

People who worked and paid Medicare taxes for years lose the coverage they paid for, at the age when they need it most.

Limiting Medicare coverage of certain individuals

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan 1.4 million lawfully present immigrants are expected to lose health coverage (KFF)
• Conservative Immigration and health care in the One Big Beautiful Bill (Paragon Health Institute)

The refugee program was suspended on the first day of the term. State Department data show 12,904 arrivals in fiscal 2026 through August, essentially all South African. Afghans who worked with U.S. forces lost protected status in July 2025, Afghanistan is a full travel-ban country, and advocates count one special immigrant visa issued to an Afghan in the first nine months of 2026.

Refugees already approved, with relatives in the United States, remain stranded. Veterans who sponsored their interpreters are the Americans most directly affected. A separate order to re-interview more than 200,000 refugees admitted between 2021 and 2025 remains in force.

The 2026 ceiling was "primarily allocated among Afrikaners from South Africa"; the prior year's ceiling was 125,000

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Presidential Determination on refugee admissions for fiscal year 2026 (Federal Register)
• Official Emergency Presidential Determination raising the 2026 refugee ceiling (Federal Register)
• Official Refugee admissions and arrivals (U.S. State Department Refugee Processing Center)
• Conservative Trump lowers refugee cap to 7,500 for 2026 (Washington Examiner)
• Official Recent court order on hold policies (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services)
• Advocacy #AfghanEvac (#AfghanEvac (veterans-led coalition))

The Laken Riley Act requires no-bond detention of any non-citizen, including lawful residents, who is charged with or admits burglary, theft, shoplifting or assault on an officer, and lets state attorneys general sue the department over detention decisions. The department told Fox News more than 17,500 people were detained under it in 2025. The Secure America Act, passed 52–47 and 214–212 after Democrats refused enforcement money in regular appropriations, adds about $70 billion on top of the $170 billion in the One Big Beautiful Bill.

Detention follows an arrest, not a conviction, so a dismissed shoplifting charge can still mean months in custody. The enforcement money is deficit-financed and funds the arrest surge listed above.

The June 2026 law is five pages and contains only enforcement funding: about $38.5 billion for ICE and $26 billion for Customs and Border Protection through 2029

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Laken Riley Act (Wikipedia)
• Conservative 17,500 illegal immigrants arrested under the Laken Riley Act (Fox News)
• Official Secure America Act, Public Law 119-98 (govinfo.gov)
• Conservative Chairman Graham statement on Senate passage of the Secure America Act (Senate Budget Committee (Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C.))
• Nonpartisan Secure America Act (Wikipedia)

The order paired a "deferred resignation" buyout, which about 140,000 employees took, with firings of probationary staff and layoffs across agencies. The Office of Personnel Management counts a net loss of 271,363 civilian employees between January 2025 and July 2026, the steepest drop in modern federal employment. The Government Accountability Office found that 18 of the 22 largest agencies lost more than a tenth of their staff.

Veterans make up about three in ten federal employees, so they took a large share of the losses. The effects show up as slower service at the agencies people deal with most: Social Security, the IRS, veterans' hospitals, weather offices and disaster response, each listed separately below. GAO's inspectors-general call the loss of experienced staff a top management risk for 2026.

Ordered agencies to plan large reductions in force and to hire at most one person for every four who leave

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Federal agency workforce changes: update for July 2025 to January 2026 (GAO-26-108583) (Government Accountability Office)
• Official Workforce changes dashboard (Office of Personnel Management)
• Official Recent federal workforce changes at OPM (GAO-26-108916) (Government Accountability Office)

FEMA recorded more than 4,300 separations in fiscal 2025, up 55%, with half its senior leadership posts vacant. The Government Accountability Office reported in August 2026 that the agency rescinded its strategic plan and cut staff without assessing what it could still do. A separate April 2025 decision cancelled the $4.5 billion program that paid for flood walls, culverts and wildfire hardening; a federal judge ruled that illegal and FEMA reopened it in March 2026.

FEMA had about 240 surge staff available for the 2026 hurricane season against 600 in 2025. A Politico analysis found the White House approved 23% of disaster-aid requests from Democratic-led states and 89% from Republican-led ones, a figure the administration disputes; 27 requests were pending in June 2026. Representative Rob Bresnahan, a Pennsylvania Republican, called cancelling the mitigation grants "the wrong call."

GAO-26-108427: staff cut without a plan for mission capacity; the White House stopped approving hazard-mitigation add-ons to disaster declarations from March 2025

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official FEMA workforce: staff reductions and lack of planning may impact mission readiness (GAO-26-108427) (Government Accountability Office)
• Nonpartisan FEMA is not ready for hurricane season due to Trump upheaval, House Democrats argue (Government Executive)
• Nonpartisan FEMA complies with court order to resume major disaster preparedness grant program (PBS NewsHour / AP)
• Conservative Bresnahan applauds FEMA reversal on BRIC program (Rep. Rob Bresnahan (R-Pa.))
• Official FEMA concedes in BRIC funding case (North Carolina Department of Justice) link down since 2026-10-30

The agency lost between 7,000 and 8,000 employees in 2025, its largest one-year drop on record, and field-office staffing was down 13% by June 2025. From July 2025 it moved about a thousand field-office workers a day onto the national phone line and set a goal of halving in-person visits.

The agency's inspector general found that callers who asked for a callback in fiscal 2025 waited an average of one hour and 51 minutes, those who held waited 59 minutes, and a quarter of calls, some 21 million, were abandoned. About 78% of appointment requests were met within 30 days. Fox News and the agency point to shorter average answer times by September 2025; the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities says the gains came from pulling staff off disability claims and field offices. Roughly 75 million people get a check each month.

Under Executive Order 14210; the FY2026 plan caps field-office visits at 15 million, down from 31.6 million

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan SSA phone wait times longer than publicly reported metrics, inspector general finds (Nextgov/FCW)
• Official Inspector general report confirms customer service improvements (Social Security Administration)
• Conservative Inspector general report shows turnaround in Social Security phone service (Fox News)
• Nonpartisan SSA proposes major cut to field office visits in 2026 (Straight Arrow News)

In spring 2025 the National Institutes of Health cancelled grants on topics the administration disfavored, more than 900 of which went to court, and the National Science Foundation terminated more than $1 billion in awards. The NSF's 2026 budget came in below 2025 and new awards ran at about half the prior year's pace. A plan to cap reimbursement of university research overhead at 15% was struck down permanently, and the administration let its Supreme Court deadline lapse.

Fewer graduate-student and postdoctoral positions, interrupted clinical studies, and lab closures at the universities and academic medical centers that depend on the grants. The 2027 budget request proposes a further 12% cut to NIH and 54% to NSF, which Congress has not adopted.

A 5–4 order let NIH grant terminations proceed while leaving in place a finding that the underlying directives were unlawful; a separate attempt to cap university overhead at 15% was permanently blocked

Decided by a federal court. Opens the primary source.

• Advocacy Federal research-related litigation tracker (Association of American Medical Colleges)
• Nonpartisan NSF funding cuts, grant terminations, and the litigation (2026) (CASRAI)
• Nonpartisan NIH cap on indirect research costs struck down on appeal (Higher Ed Dive)
• Nonpartisan Trump administration abandons Supreme Court challenge to NIH indirect cost cap (R&D World)

Staff fell from about 4,200 to about 2,100 in March 2025. A judge blocked the layoffs in May and the Supreme Court let them proceed in July. Since November 2025 the department has moved its K-12 formula grants, including Title I, to the Labor Department and other programs to HHS, Interior and State.

The department's own inspector general reported in June 2026 that functions Congress requires, including oversight of federal student aid and grants for English learners, were left with no staff and no evidence they were being performed. It also counted $1.3 billion in cancelled contracts and $504 million in cancelled grants, including 153 school mental-health awards. Students with disabilities, Title I schools, civil-rights complainants and more than 40 million loan borrowers are served by a much smaller agency.

Congress has not abolished the department and funded it for fiscal 2026

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Executive Order 14242: Improving education outcomes by empowering parents, states, and communities (Federal Register)
• Nonpartisan Education Department layoffs hindered congressionally mandated activities, inspector general reports (Government Executive)
• Nonpartisan A year after mass layoffs, Education Department keeps handing off its programs to other agencies (Federal News Network)

HHS terminated every federal employee running the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program and closed five of ten regional offices, including those that support Head Start grantees. The administration proposed eliminating the heating program; Congress funded it at $4.045 billion for fiscal 2026 instead, and held Head Start flat.

Between six and seven million households, four in ten of them with a senior, get help with heating and cooling bills. Roughly $380 million in 2025 funds were delayed until late April, and states now run the program with no federal staff to answer questions. Head Start programs serving about 800,000 children reported payment delays and longer waitlists.

Part of a plan to cut about 10,000 HHS jobs and consolidate ten regional offices into five

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Advocacy LIHEAP still here, but threats loom (National Energy Assistance Directors Association)
• Advocacy LIHEAP in crisis: HHS cuts put low-income families at risk of shutoffs (National Consumer Law Center)
• Nonpartisan What will 2026 hold for early care and education? (New America)

The FDA lost about 3,500 positions, the CDC about 2,400 and NIH about 1,200. Units that disappeared included the CDC's Office on Smoking and Health, its reproductive-health division that studied maternal deaths, the lead-poisoning surveillance branch, and about 900 of the 1,000 staff at the occupational-safety institute NIOSH, including the black-lung screening program for coal miners and the World Trade Center health program.

Black-lung X-ray screening in West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Ohio stopped for months. Certifications for the 9/11 health program stalled. Milwaukee lost CDC help with lead in its schools. After lawsuits and pressure from miners and firefighters, HHS revoked the NIOSH layoffs in January 2026, though many staff had already left. The secretary himself said about a fifth of the cuts were errors to be reversed.

From 82,000 to 62,000 employees; 28 divisions consolidated into 15

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Mass layoffs begin at HHS; some employees turned away after showing up to work (ABC News)
• Advocacy HHS guts worker safety agency NIOSH (Economic Policy Institute)
• Nonpartisan Hundreds of laid-off NIOSH researchers return to work (FireRescue1)
• Nonpartisan RFK Jr. says HHS will reinstate 20% of reduced workforce after DOGE errors (Fierce Healthcare)

Citing executive orders on diversity programs, HHS withheld a year of funding from grantees serving 144 sites in 20 states. Seven states had no Title X provider at all during the freeze. The money was restored in December 2025 and Congress kept the program at $286 million, but the 2027 funding notice shifts priorities from contraception toward "fertility-awareness based methods," and the White House says 2026 is Planned Parenthood's last year in the program.

The Guttmacher Institute estimated 834,000 people, 30% of Title X patients, lost or nearly lost free or low-cost contraception, STI testing and cancer screening. Together with the one-year Medicaid ban in the One Big Beautiful Bill, 57 Planned Parenthood clinics in 20 states closed or merged after January 2025.

$65.8 million withheld from 16 grantees, including all 13 Planned Parenthood direct grantees; restored December 2025

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan An update on Medicaid, Title X and Planned Parenthood (KFF)
• Advocacy Withholding of funds could affect 30% of Title X patients (Guttmacher Institute)

Tariffs are a tax on imports paid at the border by the importer and passed on in prices. The average tariff rate rose from about 2.5% to the highest level since the 1940s. The Supreme Court ruled 6 to 3 in February 2026 that the emergency-powers law used for most of them did not authorize tariffs, and the administration reimposed them under other statutes.

The Tax Foundation puts the cost at about $1,000 per household in 2025 and $820 in 2026. Yale's Budget Lab and the Penn Wharton Budget Model land in the same range and find the burden falls hardest on lower-income households, who spend more of their income on goods. The Federal Reserve chair attributed between a half and three-quarters of core inflation in early 2026 to tariffs.

Learning Resources v. Trump (Feb 20, 2026) held the emergency-powers tariffs unlawful; replacements followed within days

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Conservative Trump tariffs: the economic impact of the trade war (Tax Foundation)
• Nonpartisan State of U.S. tariffs (Yale Budget Lab)
• Conservative Trump's tariffs will cost each American household $900 in 2026 (Reason (citing Penn Wharton))
• Official Learning Resources v. Trump (opinion, Feb 20, 2026) (Supreme Court of the United States)
• Official FOMC press conference transcript, March 18, 2026 (Federal Reserve)
• Conservative The incidence of tariffs: rates and reality (Cato Institute)
• Conservative WSJ editorial board: Americans "picking up most of the tab" for tariffs (The Hill (quoting the Wall Street Journal))

After a five-year pause, the department began taking tax refunds and up to 15% of Social Security payments from borrowers in default in May 2025, and planned to garnish up to 15% of disposable pay starting in January 2026. It paused involuntary collections on January 16, 2026 to finish changes to its systems and has not announced a restart date.

Between 5.5 million and 7.7 million borrowers were in default in 2025 and early 2026, depending on the count, and the department projected millions more could follow. Garnishment takes effect without a court order, with only $217.50 a week protected.

Treasury offsets resumed May 5, 2025; garnishment of up to 15% of pay was paused on January 16, 2026 pending system changes

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Student loan borrowers in default could see wage garnishments begin in 2026 (CBS News)
• Nonpartisan Education Department will garnish wages of borrowers in default (Student Loan Planner)
• Nonpartisan New student loan wage garnishments starting in 2026 (ScholarshipOwl)

The rule would have required banks with more than $10 billion in assets to cap overdraft fees at $5, price them at cost, or treat them as loans with disclosures, starting October 2025. Congress repealed it before it took effect.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau estimated the cap would save consumers up to $5 billion a year, about $225 per household that pays the fees, which typically run about $35 each. Banks and the resolution's sponsors argued the cap would push banks to drop overdraft coverage for riskier customers.

A Congressional Review Act resolution sponsored by Sen. Tim Scott; a companion law ended CFPB supervision of large payment apps

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Official Congress repeals CFPB's overdraft rule (Congressional Research Service)
• Official CFPB closes overdraft loophole to save Americans billions in fees (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Dec 2024))
• Nonpartisan Congressional Review Act: resolutions in the 119th Congress (Wikipedia)

The health secretary dismissed every member of the committee and appointed a new one, several of whose members had no vaccine background. Between September 2025 and January 2026 the new panel downgraded COVID shots to "shared decision-making," dropped the combined MMRV shot for children under four, and ended the universal hepatitis B dose at birth. A federal judge stayed 13 of the 15 appointments and all their votes in March 2026, restoring the earlier recommendations.

Parents and doctors faced a year of conflicting federal guidance. Measles cases reached 2,289 in 2025 and 2,777 by August 2026, the most since 1992, with 93% in unvaccinated people. Senator Bill Cassidy, the Republican chair of the health committee and a physician, said the new panel "may even have a preconceived bias" and should not meet. Major insurers pledged to keep covering the earlier schedule at no cost through the end of 2026.

The committee's votes decide which vaccines insurers must cover at no cost and which the Vaccines for Children program supplies

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Conservative Kennedy's new vaccine panel lacks experience and shouldn't meet, Sen. Cassidy says (NBC News (Sen. Bill Cassidy, R-La.))
• Nonpartisan The state of U.S. vaccine policy: special edition, March 17, 2026 (CIDRAP, University of Minnesota)
• Nonpartisan RFK Jr.'s purge of CDC vaccine advisers prompts outrage (Science)
• Nonpartisan U.S. measles cases in 2026 surpass last year's total (Healthline)

Entry from Afghanistan, Haiti, Iran, Somalia, Yemen and fourteen other countries is fully suspended, with partial restrictions on twenty more including Nigeria and Venezuela. Citing public-charge concerns, the State Department also stopped processing immigrant visas for nationals of 75 countries in January 2026; a judge found that unlawful in August, after which the department cancelled immigrant-visa appointments worldwide for "training."

U.S. citizens with spouses, parents or children in the affected countries cannot bring them. Hospitals that depend on foreign-trained residents received an exemption only in May 2026.

Full suspension for 19 countries and partial for 20 more; no court has blocked the ban. The separate State Department visa freeze was vacated on August 21, 2026

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Proclamation 10998 expanding entry restrictions (Federal Register)
• Official Proclamation 10949 restricting entry of foreign nationals (The White House)
• Conservative Administration exempts foreign doctors from 39-country travel ban (Washington Examiner)
• Nonpartisan Federal judge vacates policy that suspended immigrant visas from 75 countries (PBS NewsHour / AP)
• Conservative Administration expands list of countries with freeze on visa processing (Washington Examiner)

CMS agreed to give ICE names, addresses, Social Security numbers, birth dates and immigration status of Medicaid enrollees. Twenty states sued. The court allowed sharing of immigration status, address, phone, date of birth and Medicaid ID for people not lawfully present in the plaintiff states. In March 2026 the states told the court ICE appeared to have pulled data beyond the order.

Medicaid covers many households where a parent is undocumented and the children are citizens. KFF found 14% of immigrant adults, and nearly half of those likely undocumented, had avoided medical care since January 2025. Emergency Medicaid and children's coverage remain lawful, but fear reduces prenatal care and enrollment of eligible children.

A December 29, 2025 ruling limits sharing to five data fields for people not lawfully present in the 22 plaintiff states; other states have no limits

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Potential implications of the Medicaid data-sharing agreement between CMS and ICE (KFF)
• Nonpartisan ICE can use Medicaid data to find people without legal status for deportation cases (NPR)
• Nonpartisan States say ICE pulled Medicaid data despite court order (Stateline)

For one year, Medicaid could not pay Planned Parenthood for any service: cancer screenings, contraception, STI testing, or prenatal visits. Federal law already barred Medicaid from paying for nearly all abortions. Courts let the ban take effect, and it expired on July 4, 2026 without being renewed.

Planned Parenthood is the main source of reproductive health care for many low-income patients, and Medicaid was a large share of its revenue. A number of clinics, including in rural areas, closed permanently during the year and did not reopen when funding resumed. Bills to make the ban permanent are pending.

Federal payments to prohibited entities

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Planned Parenthood regains federal funding (CT Mirror)
• Nonpartisan First Circuit reverses block on Planned Parenthood funding cuts (Courthouse News)
• Conservative Planned Parenthood drops lawsuit challenging the one-year funding cutoff (National Right to Life)

A 2024 federal rule would have required nursing homes to have a registered nurse on site around the clock and a minimum number of nursing hours per resident per day. The law forbids enforcing it for nearly a decade.

Understaffing is the most consistent predictor of neglect, falls, bedsores and infections in nursing homes. Residents and the aides who care for them lose the first national staffing floor. Nursing homes also depend heavily on Medicaid, which is being cut.

Moratorium on implementation of rule relating to staffing standards for long-term care facilities

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan The One Big Beautiful Bill Act explained: key changes for the healthcare industry (King & Spalding (law firm))
• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)
• Nonpartisan How the One Big Beautiful Bill affects nursing homes (AARP)
• Conservative What made it into law: health provisions of the One Big Beautiful Bill (Paragon Health Institute)

CBO scores the law at $3.4 trillion in added deficits over ten years, about $4.1 trillion with interest, and the law raised the debt limit by $5 trillion to make room. Conservative budget analysts at the Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget, the Cato Institute and the Manhattan Institute made the same criticism.

More federal borrowing competes with everyone else's borrowing. Moody's stripped the United States of its last AAA rating in May 2025 citing this trajectory. Higher Treasury yields flow into mortgage rates, car loans and credit cards, and interest is now one of the largest items in the federal budget, crowding out everything else.

Whole law: CBO cost estimate (and the $5 trillion debt-limit increase in Sec. 72001)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Official Estimated budgetary effects of Public Law 119-21 (Congressional Budget Office)
• Official Effects on deficits and the debt of Public Law 119-21 (Congressional Budget Office)
• Nonpartisan Final OBBBA score confirms long road to fiscal recovery (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget)
• Nonpartisan OBBBA dynamic score comes in at $4.7 trillion (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget)
• Nonpartisan Interest costs associated with the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (Yale Budget Lab)
• Nonpartisan Mortgage costs could rise under debt-financed reconciliation bill (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget)
• Nonpartisan Moody's downgrades United States credit rating on increase in government debt (CNBC)
• Conservative Bill more like disaster, not "beautiful" (Cato Institute)
• Conservative Tax bill highlights the collapse of GOP policymaking (Manhattan Institute (Brian Riedl))
• Conservative Belated Republican objections glide over the bill's blatant fiscal irresponsibility (Reason)
• Conservative The Senate's big beautiful blunder could increase the debt by $6 trillion (Cato Institute)
• Conservative Why I said no to the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (Sen. Rand Paul (R-Ky.))
• Conservative Musk agrees with Massie: bill is a "debt bomb ticking" (Fox News)
• Conservative Two conservatives debate: is the Big Beautiful Bill a disaster? (Open to Debate)

About $45 billion for detention beds, roughly $30 billion for ICE operations and hiring, and $46.5 billion for the border wall, making ICE the best-funded federal law-enforcement agency by a wide margin. The detention money includes families with children.

For mixed-status families, this is the money behind workplace and neighborhood arrests, and detention of relatives with no criminal record. For everyone else it is a larger share of the budget than the FBI, DEA, ATF and Marshals combined, spent on a permanent detention system.

Detention capacity (and Secs. 90001–90007, 100050 onward)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Advocacy What's in the Big Beautiful Bill? Immigration and border security unpacked (American Immigration Council)
• Conservative Deportations to add almost $1 trillion in costs to the "Big Beautiful Bill" (Cato Institute)

The 2022 incentives that paid manufacturers to build batteries, solar panels, EVs and new generation in the United States drew most of their investment to Republican-held districts. The law ended or wound down those credits early and added foreign-sourcing rules that disqualify many remaining projects.

E2, which tracks announced projects, counted $76 billion and about 99,000 jobs cancelled between January 2025 and May 2026, with cancellations outpacing new announcements three to one in 2025 and 57% of the cancelled dollars in Republican districts. Four Republican senators had warned in April 2025 that repeal would jeopardize capital allocation and job creation. Fewer new power plants as data-center demand rises is one reason electricity prices are projected higher.

Termination and restrictions on clean electricity production credit (and Secs. 70501–70515)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan The 2025 reconciliation law: energy provisions explained (Bipartisan Policy Center)
• Advocacy Clean Economy Works: 2025 year in review (E2 (Environmental Entrepreneurs))
• Advocacy Clean Economy Works: Q1 2026 (E2)
• Advocacy Clean Economy Works: April–May 2026 (E2)
• Nonpartisan Clean Investment Monitor: Q2 2026 update (Rhodium Group / MIT CEEPR)
• Conservative Curtis, Murkowski, Tillis, Moran express support for energy tax credits (Sen. John Curtis (R-Utah))

An internal memo in March 2025 called for cutting the department to 2019 staffing levels, about 83,000 positions. After objections from veterans' groups and members of both parties, the secretary said in July that 17,000 people had already left and 13,000 more would go by September, so no department-wide layoff was needed. The VA lifted its hiring freeze in January 2026 but imposed staffing caps and is folding 18 regional networks into 5.

The department says care and benefits are unaffected. A January 2026 Senate Democratic report counts 40,000 departures including about 1,000 physicians and 3,000 nurses, and says decisions on legacy appeals now take years longer; the VA disputes the count. Senator Jerry Moran, the Republican committee chair, said the caps "shouldn't be the determining factor" if problems appear.

A March 2025 memo targeted 83,000 positions; the department announced on July 7, 2025 that attrition would remove about 30,000 instead

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan VA's reorganization and staffing caps a result of previous overhiring, officials say (Government Executive)
• Nonpartisan VA leader's policies delaying care, destroying workforce, report says (Military Times)
• Nonpartisan VA on track to cut nearly 30,000 jobs by end of fiscal 2025, eliminating need for RIF (Federal News Network)

The January 2025 rule would have barred credit bureaus from listing medical bills and lenders from using them. The bureau under new leadership joined the lenders' motion, and the court vacated the rule as exceeding the Fair Credit Reporting Act.

The bureau had estimated about 15 million people would have had medical bills removed from their reports, raising scores by about 20 points on average and enabling roughly 22,000 more mortgage approvals a year. Medical collections over $500 remain reportable.

The bureau switched sides and joined the industry plaintiffs; the court also held that federal law preempts similar state laws

Decided by a federal court. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Court overturns federal rule that keeps medical debt off credit reports (Berkeley Center for Consumer Law)
• Nonpartisan GOP aims to repeal CFPB medical debt credit report ban (Bloomberg Law)
• Official Prohibition on creditors and consumer reporting agencies concerning medical information (Regulation V) (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau)

About half of public housing authorities reported voucher funding shortfalls in 2025; Los Angeles froze new vouchers for more than 3,000 families and cut the rent it will cover. HUD's grant notice would cut permanent housing from about 87% of the $3.9 billion homelessness program to 30%. Congress then renewed all existing vouchers for fiscal 2026 and told HUD to award renewals quickly.

The National Low Income Housing Coalition estimates about 170,000 people in permanent supportive housing, many of them veterans and people with disabilities, are at risk under the 30% cap. Only one in four eligible households receives rental assistance, and shortfall cities have indefinite waits.

Directs agencies toward civil commitment and treatment-first and away from housing-first; HUD's November 2025 grant notice capped permanent-housing funding at 30% of homelessness grants

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Executive Order 14321: Ending crime and disorder on America's streets (Federal Register)
• Advocacy Congress must pass the FY26 HUD spending bill to protect vouchers (National Low Income Housing Coalition)
• Nonpartisan Final FY2026 transportation-housing funding summary (Bipartisan Policy Center)
• Official HACLA notifies Section 8 participants of changes due to budget cuts (Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles) link down since 2026-10-30

People earning under 150% of the poverty line could previously sign up any month of the year and get a subsidized plan. Enrolling through that income-based window no longer qualifies for the premium tax credit.

If you lose a job or Medicaid mid-year and miss the standard special-enrollment deadline, you may have no affordable way to get covered until the next open enrollment.

Disallowing premium tax credit in case of certain coverage enrolled in during special enrollment period

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)

The rule ended the monthly enrollment window for people under 150% of poverty, removed DACA recipients from coverage, charged $5 a month to $0-premium enrollees who did not actively re-enroll, added income checks, let insurers refuse people with past-due premiums, and shortened open enrollment. A judge stayed the fee, the paperwork and the past-due denials in August 2025 and vacated them in June 2026; the court also kept open enrollment at November 1 to January 15.

Still in effect: the DACA exclusion, which cost about 10,000 people coverage, and the loss of the low-income monthly window. Blocked: the $5 charge, the extra verification, the one-year reconciliation limit and the shorter window. The agency's own estimate of the rule's effect was up to 1.8 million fewer enrollees.

CMS projected 725,000 to 1.8 million fewer enrollees; a federal court in City of Columbus v. Kennedy struck eight provisions

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official 2025 Marketplace Integrity and Affordability final rule fact sheet (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)
• Official Impacts of City of Columbus v. Kennedy on open enrollment 2026 (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)
• Official Updated statement on the failure-to-reconcile requirement, plan years 2026–2027 (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services)
• Nonpartisan Court limits CMS's authority to apply the ACA marketplace program integrity rule (Healthcare Financial Management Association)

In Minneapolis an ICE agent shot and killed Renée Good on January 7, 2026 and a Border Patrol agent shot and killed ICU nurse Alex Pretti on January 24; video analyses contradicted the department's accounts. ProPublica reported in September 2026 that Justice Department leadership overruled its own prosecutor to block a civil-rights charge in a third shooting. A Chicago judge ordered 455 people released after finding arrests unlawful.

The Pretti killing led Senate Democrats to reject Homeland Security funding, producing a 76-day lapse in which TSA officers missed paychecks and more than a thousand quit. The Homeland Security secretary was replaced in March 2026. For residents of the targeted cities, the surges meant armed federal operations in neighborhoods, schools and courthouses regardless of citizenship.

About 3,000 ICE and Border Patrol agents sent to Minnesota; a federal judge found ICE violated at least 96 court orders there

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Operation Metro Surge (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Killing of Renée Good (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Killing of Alex Pretti (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Justice Department blocked a serious charge against an ICE agent in a Minneapolis shooting (ProPublica)
• Nonpartisan Trump signs Homeland Security funding bill, ending record shutdown (PBS NewsHour)

The new clean-vehicle credit of up to $7,500, the used-EV credit of up to $4,000, the commercial clean-vehicle credit, and the home charger credit were all terminated years ahead of schedule.

EVs cost the same to make the day after the deadline; buyers pay several thousand dollars more. The used-EV credit in particular was aimed at buyers under $75,000 of income.

Termination of clean vehicle credit (and Secs. 70501, 70503, 70504)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Official FAQs on termination of clean energy credits under Public Law 119-21 (Internal Revenue Service)
• Conservative How the One Big Beautiful Bill changes green energy tax credits (Tax Foundation)

About 900,000 federal employees were furloughed and 700,000 more worked unpaid. The Agriculture Department declined to fund November SNAP benefits; two judges ordered payment, the administration offered partial benefits, and full benefits flowed only after the November 12 funding law. The FAA cut flights by up to 10% at 40 major airports for ten days because of controller shortages.

One in eight Americans faced a gap in food assistance at the start of November 2025. Federal workers got back pay under a 2019 law; most contractors did not. About 4,000 layoff notices issued during the shutdown were rescinded. The next funding deadline is December 11, 2026.

The longest shutdown in U.S. history; the current stopgap funds the government through December 11, 2026

Funding cut, frozen or shifted. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Government shutdowns Q&A (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget)
• Nonpartisan 2025 United States federal government shutdown (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan SNAP during the 2025 U.S. federal government shutdown (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Appropriations watch: FY2027 (Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget)

Green-card applications filed from September 18, 2026 face a broader review of benefit use. The automatic extension of up to 540 days for timely work-permit renewals was eliminated for most categories, so workers lose the right to work the day a card expires and employers must let them go until the renewal is decided. The citizenship test doubled to 20 questions with 12 to pass, and officers now weigh "anti-American" activity and social media.

The 2019 version of the public-charge rule produced measurable disenrollment from Medicaid and food assistance among citizen children in mixed-status families. Spouses of skilled-visa holders and asylum applicants with pending renewals are the workers most exposed to gaps.

The 2022 rule limited the test to cash aid and long-term institutional care; the new rule "restores broader discretion"

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official Public charge ground of inadmissibility (final rule) (Federal Register)
• Conservative Administration finalizes misguided approach to public charge rule (American Enterprise Institute)
• Official Removal of the automatic extension of employment authorization documents (Federal Register)
• Official Automatic employment authorization document extension (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services)
• Official Notice of implementation of the 2025 naturalization civics test (Federal Register)
• Official USCIS to consider anti-Americanism in immigration benefit requests (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services)

The 30% credit for rooftop solar, batteries and geothermal, and the up-to-$3,200 annual credit for heat pumps, insulation, windows, doors and electrical panels, both ended after 2025, more than seven years early. The credit for builders of energy-efficient new homes ended June 30, 2026.

A typical rooftop solar system lost roughly $8,000 to $9,000 in federal support; a heat pump lost up to $2,000. Those upgrades were the main way a household could permanently cut its own energy bill.

Termination of residential clean energy credit (and Sec. 70505, energy efficient home improvement credit; Sec. 70508, new energy efficient home credit)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Official FAQs on termination of clean energy credits under Public Law 119-21 (Internal Revenue Service)
• Conservative How the One Big Beautiful Bill changes green energy tax credits (Tax Foundation)

If you end the year earning more than you estimated when you enrolled, you repay the excess subsidy. Repayment used to be capped (as little as $375 for lower incomes). Now you repay every dollar, whatever your income.

This falls hardest on people with unpredictable income: freelancers, tipped workers, seasonal workers, anyone who picked up a second job mid-year. A good year can produce a surprise tax bill of several thousand dollars.

Eliminating limitation on recapture of advance payment of premium tax credit

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)
• Nonpartisan OBBBA tax planning: SALT cap, senior deduction, and more (Kitces.com (financial-planning))

Only 90% of gambling losses can be deducted against winnings. A bettor who wins $100,000 and loses $100,000 over a year, breaking even, now owes tax on $10,000 of phantom income.

Sports betting is legal in most states and millions of people place bets on apps that report every win. Bills to repeal this (the FAIR BET Act) have stalled, so the first affected returns are filed in spring 2027.

Extension and modification of limitation on wagering losses

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Will the OBBBA gambling deduction change be reversed? (National Association of Tax Professionals)
• Nonpartisan Gambling tax alert: new law cuts loss deductions, bettors face big hit (Forbes)
• Conservative How the One Big Beautiful Bill Act taxes gamblers on money they didn't keep (Reason Foundation)

The war that began on February 28, 2026 closed the Strait of Hormuz for months. The Energy Information Administration recorded the largest oil-supply disruption in the market's history, and Brent crude went from about $72 to nearly $120 in March and was back above $100 in September.

The national average for regular gas rose a dollar in a month, peaked at $4.56 in May, and was $4.28 on September 10, 2026 against $3.19 a year earlier. Diesel, which moves food and freight, was nearly $6. July's consumer price index showed energy up 14.7% over the year, and Goldman Sachs estimated the war adds more than a point to headline inflation in 2026.

No congressional authorization; the Pentagon reported $37.5 billion in costs through July 2026 and requested $67 billion more

Ordered by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan US, Iran engaged in "tanker war": where is the months-long conflict headed? (Al Jazeera)
• Official Short-Term Energy Outlook, September 2026 (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
• Nonpartisan National gas average jumps one dollar in one month (AAA)
• Nonpartisan National average gas prices (live) (AAA)
• Official Consumer Price Index, July 2026 (Bureau of Labor Statistics)
• Conservative Iran war could push inflation higher this year, Goldman Sachs says (Fox Business)
• Nonpartisan Cost of Iran war rises to $37.5 billion; Pentagon requests $67.1 billion more (Defense News)
• Conservative Marjorie Taylor Greene: "What happened to drill baby drill, cheap gas, and no more foreign wars?" (Benzinga / Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene (R-Ga.))
• Nonpartisan Senate Republicans voice concerns over Iran war and gas prices (The Hill)

Parent PLUS loans are capped at $20,000 a year and $65,000 per child, down from the full cost of attendance. Part-time students get prorated limits.

The cap is below the net price of many public universities for out-of-state students and most private colleges. Families fill the gap with private loans or the student does not enroll.

Establishment of loan limits for graduate and professional students and parent borrowers

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan What the One Big Beautiful Bill will change for students, schools and colleges (NPR)
• Nonpartisan ED details 2026–27 FAFSA and Pell Grant eligibility changes (National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators)

Tax credits for new wind and solar generation end for projects not under construction by July 2026 or in service by the end of 2027, and new restrictions on foreign components make many remaining projects ineligible. Wind and solar were the majority of new generation being built, at a time when demand from data centers is rising fast.

Independent modelers (Energy Innovation, the Rhodium Group, Princeton's REPEAT project) project household energy costs rising by roughly $150 a year by 2030 and more after. They put residential electricity prices about 6% higher by 2035, with the largest increases in states like Kentucky, Oklahoma and South Carolina. These are projections, not measurements, and utility rate cases in 2026 are where they start to show up.

Termination and restrictions on clean electricity production credit (and Sec. 70513, investment credit)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Official Average price of electricity to ultimate customers by end-use sector (U.S. Energy Information Administration)
• Nonpartisan Economic impacts of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act energy provisions (Energy Innovation)
• Nonpartisan What passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill means for U.S. energy and the economy (Rhodium Group)
• Conservative How the One Big Beautiful Bill changes green energy tax credits (Tax Foundation)

A January 2026 HHS memo cut the routine schedule from 17 diseases to 11 without the advisory committee, public comment or the usual evidence review; a court stayed it in March. The August order restates the cut, directs that measles, mumps and rubella be given as three separate shots once such products are made domestically, and tells agencies to challenge state school-vaccine mandates.

Vaccines that leave the routine list can lose automatic no-cost coverage under the Affordable Care Act and eligibility under the Vaccines for Children program once the advisory committee follows. Three MMR visits instead of one means more appointments and more time unprotected against measles between doses; no single-antigen versions are currently manufactured in the United States. KFF Health News notes that no other wealthy country separates the shot.

Keeps 11 vaccines "for all children," moves hepatitis A and B, RSV, meningococcal and dengue to high-risk groups, and puts rotavirus, flu and COVID under shared decision-making

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Executive Order 14420: Delivering gold standard childhood vaccine recommendations (The White House)
• Nonpartisan The state of U.S. vaccine policy: special edition, March 17, 2026 (CIDRAP, University of Minnesota)
• Nonpartisan Trump orders changes to childhood shots as Kennedy's autism hunt stalls (KFF Health News)
• Official Fact sheet: hepatitis B immunization (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
• Advocacy AAP: CDC decision on the hepatitis B birth dose will have "heartbreaking" consequences (American Academy of Pediatrics)

The federal government has paid 100% of SNAP benefits since 1964. From fiscal year 2028, states with payment error rates of 6% or more pay 5% to 15% of benefit costs, and every state's share of administrative costs rises from 50% to 75%.

Most states had error rates above 6% in 2024, so this is billions of dollars a year that state budgets do not have. States can respond by restricting eligibility or cutting outreach. In the extreme, a state can leave the program. Several governors have said openly that they may not be able to afford it.

Matching funds requirements (and Sec. 10106, Administrative cost sharing)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan By the numbers: the megabill's health and food assistance cuts (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities)
• Nonpartisan Food stamp changes will cost states billions, raising fears about SNAP's future (Stateline)
• Nonpartisan Red states target SNAP fraud, errors under threat of costly federal penalties (Stateline)
• Nonpartisan The SNAP state cost-shift policy leaves the program's existence to chance (Brookings Institution)

States must re-check the eligibility of every adult covered through Medicaid expansion every six months rather than once a year.

Every renewal is a chance to lose coverage over a missed form. During the 2023–24 "unwinding," roughly seven in ten people dropped from Medicaid lost it for procedural reasons, not because they were ineligible. The Urban Institute estimates twice-yearly renewals alone cut expansion enrollment by 2 to 3 million people in 2028.

Eligibility redeterminations

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan CMS guidance on six-month Medicaid eligibility redeterminations (Healthcare Financial Management Association)
• Nonpartisan OBBBA's six-month redetermination could reduce Medicaid expansion enrollment by 2 to 3 million (Urban Institute)
• Nonpartisan A closer look at the work requirement provisions (KFF)
• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)

Retroactive coverage, which paid medical bills from up to three months before you applied, shrinks to one month for expansion adults and two months for everyone else, including seniors entering nursing homes.

People usually apply for Medicaid after a crisis such as a stroke or a hospital stay. Those bills, and the first weeks of nursing-home care, now land on the family instead of Medicaid if the application comes even a few weeks late.

Reducing state Medicaid costs

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)
• Nonpartisan The One Big Beautiful Bill Act explained: key changes for the healthcare industry (King & Spalding (law firm))

CBO projects about 10 million more uninsured people in 2034 from the law's health provisions, plus roughly 4 million more from the expiration of enhanced marketplace subsidies. Uninsured people still get sick; hospitals treat them in emergency rooms and write off the cost.

Hospitals respond by closing maternity wards and psychiatric units, freezing hiring, laying off staff, and raising prices for privately insured patients, which flows into everyone's premiums. The American Hospital Association estimated hospitals would lose hundreds of billions of dollars over ten years.

Combined effect of Title VII, Subtitle B (Medicaid, Medicare and marketplace provisions)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Official Estimated effects on the number of uninsured people in 2034 (Congressional Budget Office)
• Nonpartisan Allocating CBO's estimates of federal Medicaid spending reductions across the states (KFF)
• Nonpartisan Hospitals are making cuts after the "big beautiful bill" (CNN)
• Nonpartisan Medicaid cuts threaten hundreds of hospitals, new report finds (NBC News)
• Advocacy Analysis highlights impact of Medicaid cuts on rural patients and hospitals (American Hospital Association)

The economic-hardship and unemployment deferments, which paused payments without interest on subsidized loans, are eliminated for new loans. General forbearance is limited to nine months in any two-year period.

If you lose your job with one of these loans, there is no deferment to fall back on. Under RAP your payment can drop to $10, but interest keeps accruing, and once forbearance runs out a missed payment is a default.

Deferment; forbearance

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan What the One Big Beautiful Bill will change for students, schools and colleges (NPR)
• Nonpartisan ED details 2026–27 FAFSA and Pell Grant eligibility changes (National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators)

States are barred from new or higher provider taxes, and the states that expanded Medicaid must cut existing ones from 6% to 3.5% of net patient revenue by 2032. Payments states direct to hospitals are capped at Medicare rates. These are the main ways states raise their share of Medicaid money.

When states lose federal matching money they cut what the law lets them cut: payment rates to doctors and hospitals, and "optional" benefits such as dental care, home- and community-based services, and coverage for some adults. The Congressional Budget Office puts total federal Medicaid cuts at about $911 billion over ten years; the financing provisions are the largest piece.

Provider taxes (and Sec. 71116, State directed payments)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Allocating CBO's estimates of federal Medicaid spending reductions across the states (KFF)
• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)
• Conservative Don't cut Medicaid (op-ed, New York Times) (Sen. Josh Hawley (R-Mo.))
• Conservative What made it into law: health provisions of the One Big Beautiful Bill (Paragon Health Institute)

Starting with 2028 coverage, the marketplace must verify your income, household size, immigration status and other details before any subsidy is paid. Automatic re-enrollment with a subsidy ends; if verification is incomplete you pay full price until it is.

Most of the roughly 10 million people who are auto-renewed each year will have to actively re-apply. Anyone whose paperwork is delayed starts January paying the unsubsidized premium, which for a family can be over $2,000 a month.

Requiring verification of eligibility for premium tax credit

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)
• Nonpartisan The One Big Beautiful Bill Act explained: key changes for the healthcare industry (King & Spalding (law firm))

Medicaid pays for most nursing-home and long-term home care in America. A flat $1,000,000 home-equity limit replaces the higher state limits, and it is not indexed to inflation. Farms are exempt.

In high-cost states, an ordinary house owned for decades can exceed $1 million. Families in that position will have to sell or borrow against the home before Medicaid will pay for care, and because the cap never rises, more families cross it every year.

Revising home equity limit for determining eligibility for long-term care services

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan The One Big Beautiful Bill Act explained: key changes for the healthcare industry (King & Spalding (law firm))
• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)
• Nonpartisan How the One Big Beautiful Bill affects nursing homes (AARP)
• Conservative What made it into law: health provisions of the One Big Beautiful Bill (Paragon Health Institute)

States must charge copays of up to $35 per service to expansion adults with incomes between 100% and 138% of the poverty line (about $15,650 to $21,600 a year for one person in 2025). Primary care, mental health, substance-use treatment, emergencies and a few other services are exempt, and total cost sharing is capped at 5% of income.

Five percent of a $20,000 income is $1,000 a year. Decades of research, including the RAND experiment and Oregon's Medicaid lottery, show that even small copays make low-income patients skip needed care, including prescriptions.

Modifying cost sharing requirements for certain expansion individuals

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Health provisions in the 2025 federal budget reconciliation law (KFF)
• Nonpartisan The One Big Beautiful Bill Act explained: key changes for the healthcare industry (King & Spalding (law firm))

Tips up to $25,000 and overtime premium pay up to $12,500 ($25,000 for couples) can be deducted from income tax. There is also a $6,000 deduction per person 65 or older, and up to $10,000 of interest on a loan for a new U.S.-assembled car. All four end after tax year 2028. The permanent cuts in the same law, such as the estate-tax exemption and business provisions, do not.

These are deductions, not refunds: they only help if you owe income tax. Yale's Budget Lab found roughly 37% of tipped workers earn too little to owe federal income tax and get nothing, and the deduction does not reduce the payroll tax that is most low-wage workers' biggest tax. The Tax Policy Center estimates the typical benefit for those who do qualify is a few hundred dollars. In 2029 the deductions vanish while the benefit cuts that paid for them remain.

No tax on tips (and Secs. 70202, 70203, 70102 senior deduction)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan No tax on tips: budgetary, distributional, and tax avoidance considerations (Yale Budget Lab)
• Nonpartisan The tax cuts for overtime and tips are popular, but few will benefit (Tax Policy Center)
• Conservative FAQ: the One Big Beautiful Bill Act tax changes (Tax Foundation)
• Conservative Frustrated with tipping? No tax on tips could make it worse (Tax Foundation)
• Nonpartisan OBBBA tax planning: SALT cap, senior deduction, and more (Kitces.com (financial-planning))

About 1,500 people convicted over January 6 were pardoned on the first day; by June 2026 at least 97 had been arrested or charged again, including for sex crimes and domestic violence. Executive orders stripped clearances and federal access from firms that had represented the President's opponents; every one that went to court was struck down. Indictments of former FBI director James Comey and New York attorney general Letitia James were dismissed because the prosecutor who signed them was unlawfully appointed, and grand juries twice refused to re-indict James.

About 140 officers injured on January 6 saw the convictions of their attackers erased. Anyone who needs a lawyer willing to sue the government benefits from the rulings, and about $940 million of legal capacity was redirected under the settlements. The Supreme Court separately blocked the removal of a Federal Reserve governor 5–4.

Four of the law-firm orders were permanently enjoined; nine firms instead pledged about $940 million in pro bono work to administration priorities

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Proclamation 10887: pardons for January 6 offenses (The White House)
• Nonpartisan January 6 pardons (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Perkins Coie (executive order and ruling) (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan WilmerHale (executive order and ruling) (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Indictment of James Comey (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Trump v. Cook (SCOTUSblog)

With two members, the National Labor Relations Board could not rule on election disputes or unfair-labor-practice cases, and the fall shutdown closed its regional offices. A quorum returned on January 7, 2026. Separately, the $15-and-indexed minimum wage for workers on federal contracts was revoked in March 2025.

Board-run union elections fell from 2,124 in 2024 to 1,498 in 2025, covering 59,000 fewer workers, and decisions in contested cases fell 67%. Workers who won elections or filed charges waited a year or more for enforceable orders. Contract janitors, food-service and call-center workers on federal contracts lost the indexed wage floor.

Left the board below the three members needed to decide cases until new members were confirmed in December 2025

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Advocacy NLRB-overseen union elections fell in 2025 (Center for American Progress)
• Nonpartisan NLRB quorum restored: what employers need to know (Freeman Mathis & Gary)
• Official Executive Order 14026 (federal contractor minimum wage): rescission notice (U.S. Department of Labor)

The National Parks Conservation Association counts more than 24% of the permanent workforce gone since January 2025. Visitors have found closed visitor centers, shuttered campgrounds in the Great Smoky Mountains, and slower search and rescue at the Grand Canyon.

Gateway towns depend on park visitation, and the losses fall on their summer economies as much as on visitors. Congress rejected the budget cut and told the service to keep parks staffed, but the people who left have not been replaced.

The 2026 budget proposed cutting park operations by about $900 million and handing sites to states; Congress held funding flat

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Advocacy Inside the FY26 National Park Service budget (National Parks Conservation Association)
• Advocacy Senate rejects national park funding and staffing cuts (National Parks Conservation Association)
• Advocacy The administration is axing funding and staff for national parks (Center for American Progress)

The agency ended 2025 with about 74,000 employees, down from 102,000. Most people who e-filed with direct deposit got refunds on the normal schedule in 2026. Paper returns took 30 days to process instead of 16, paper refund checks 36 days instead of 13, and the paper-return system was down for the first six weeks of the season, according to the Government Accountability Office.

The IRS answered 59% of calls on its main lines and 19% on the identity-theft line, where more than 500,000 victims wait about 20 months for their cases to be resolved. Yale's Budget Lab estimates a 22,000-person cut costs about $198 billion in revenue over ten years as audits of high earners fall, which the Peterson Foundation, a deficit-focused group, says drives deficits higher.

Headcount fell from about 102,000 to about 74,000 during 2025 (National Taxpayer Advocate)

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan IRS staffing cuts delayed paper returns and refunds, GAO report says (The Tax Adviser)
• Nonpartisan IRS did better than expected in tax season after slashing staff, except on the phone (Associated Press (via ABC7))
• Nonpartisan IRS staffing cuts will reduce revenues, driving deficits higher (Peter G. Peterson Foundation)

Staffing fell from about 4,550 to under 4,000 in early 2025. By May, 52 of 122 forecast offices had vacancy rates over 20%, 30 had no meteorologist in charge, at least eight had ended overnight operations, and weather-balloon launches were cut in several states.

Thinner staffing during severe weather means fewer people issuing and coordinating warnings. After the July 2025 Texas Hill Country floods killed more than a hundred people, critics noted that the local office's warning-coordination post was vacant; whether that changed the outcome is disputed. The service remains more than 300 people below its early-2025 level.

NOAA was authorized to hire 450 replacements in August 2025; 274 were on board by June 2026

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan NOAA is scrambling to fill forecasting jobs after cuts to the National Weather Service (NBC News)
• Official Letter on NOAA and National Weather Service cuts (Sen. Peter Welch (D-Vt.))

Texas redrew its map in 2025 to target five Democratic seats; the Supreme Court allowed it, and Florida, Ohio, North Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana and Tennessee followed, while California voters approved a countermap. Wikipedia's tally of the maps is about nine seats toward Republicans and four toward Democrats before a vote is cast. Executive Order 14248, which would have required documentary proof of citizenship to register with the federal form and discarded mail ballots arriving after Election Day, was blocked by two courts. The SAVE Act, which would write the citizenship requirement into law, passed the House twice and failed in the Senate.

Millions of voters were moved into new districts months before the November 3, 2026 midterms, and majority-Black districts in Louisiana, Alabama and Tennessee were eliminated. The Justice Department also sued 23 Democratic-led states for unredacted voter files; the first suits were dismissed on privacy grounds.

A 6–3 ruling held that Voting Rights Act compliance does not require race-based districts; plaintiffs must now prove intentional discrimination

Decided by a federal court. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Louisiana v. Callais (SCOTUSblog)
• Nonpartisan Louisiana v. Callais (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan 2026 United States House of Representatives elections (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Abbott v. League of United Latin American Citizens (SCOTUSblog)
• Official Executive Order 14248: Preserving and protecting the integrity of American elections (The White House)
• Nonpartisan Executive Order 14248 (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Safeguard American Voter Eligibility Act (Wikipedia)

Congress repealed the rule that put nonbank payment apps with more than 50 million transactions a year under bank-style federal supervision. The GENIUS Act created the first federal regime for stablecoins, which must redeem at par but are not insured deposits and pay no interest. Bitcoin, meanwhile, fell about 25% between the inauguration and September 2026 despite the creation of a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve.

Users of payment apps lose proactive oversight aimed at fraud against older adults and sudden account closures, though existing consumer laws still apply after the fact. Consumer Reports and the New York attorney general criticized the stablecoin law for imposing no duty to return stolen funds.

The repealed rule would have examined Venmo, Cash App and Apple Pay for fraud, privacy and account freezes; the GENIUS Act licenses dollar stablecoins with one-to-one reserves

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Official CFPB finalizes rule on federal oversight of popular digital payment apps (Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (Nov 2024))
• Nonpartisan Congressional Review Act: resolutions in the 119th Congress (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan GENIUS Act (Wikipedia)
• Official OCC news release 2026-69 on GENIUS Act implementation (Office of the Comptroller of the Currency)
• Official Coinbase Bitcoin price (CBBTCUSD) (FRED)

The order directed the department to use emergency powers to stop fossil-plant retirements. Plants in Michigan, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Indiana, Washington, Colorado and Florida have been kept open on rolling orders. Owners recover the cost from regional ratepayers.

Consumers Energy spent $401 million running the Campbell plant in Michigan through March 2026 and is seeking $180 million from its customers. The Sierra Club puts the total added cost at about $549 million a year; the industry analyst IEEFA counted more than $300 million through May 2026. The grid regulator says the orders helped during a January storm; grid analysts say there is no emergency. Residential electricity averaged 18.34 cents per kilowatt-hour in June 2026, up 5% in a year.

Seven plants scheduled to close were ordered to keep running; none at the request of the owner, grid operator or state regulator

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official 2026 DOE Section 202(c) emergency orders (U.S. Department of Energy)
• Official Executive Order 14261: Reinvigorating America's beautiful clean coal industry (The White House)
• Nonpartisan DOE emergency orders are incurring additional costs; what are the benefits? (Utility Dive)
• Advocacy Cost of coal plant emergency orders already more than $300 million (Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis)
• Official Average price of electricity to ultimate customers by end-use sector (U.S. Energy Information Administration)

About 2,000 students had their status terminated in spring 2025, many for minor infractions and many restored by courts. Student-visa interviews were paused for social-media vetting. New student visas issued fell 33% in 2025, with India down 57%. From September 2026 students are admitted for a fixed period of at most four years instead of the length of their program.

The association of international educators projects fall 2026 enrollment down by as many as 111,000 students, costing $3.4 billion and about 40,000 jobs in college towns. Doctoral programs that run five to seven years must now file extensions, and a denial creates unlawful presence.

The rule caps initial admission at four years and requires paid extensions

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan New student visas dropped 23% in 2025 (Inside Higher Ed)
• Advocacy Fall 2026 international enrollment outlook (NAFSA: Association of International Educators)
• Official Establishing a fixed time period of admission for nonimmigrant students (Federal Register)
• Nonpartisan Visa and deportation controversies in the second Trump administration (Wikipedia)

About 4,000 California Guard and 700 Marines were sent to Los Angeles over the governor's objection; a judge ruled the deployment violated the Posse Comitatus Act and troops left in December 2025. Two thousand Guard remain in Washington, where the Pentagon says the mission runs to January 2029. Deployments to Chicago and Portland were blocked by the Supreme Court. Memphis and New Orleans received Guard with their governors' consent.

Residents of the capital live with a standing military presence for the rest of the term, and two West Virginia Guard members were shot there in November 2025, one fatally. The ruling sharply limits involuntary deployments to states that object unless the Insurrection Act is invoked, which it has not been.

A 6–3 ruling held the President may federalize a state's Guard over its objection only when the regular military could lawfully be used and is unable to act

Decided by a federal court. Opens the primary source.

• Official Trump v. Illinois (per curiam, Dec 23, 2025) (Supreme Court of the United States)
• Nonpartisan Trump v. Illinois (SCOTUSblog)
• Nonpartisan Newsom v. Trump (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Executive Order 14333 (District of Columbia) (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan Domestic military deployments by the second Trump administration (Wikipedia)

The aid agency was closed and $7.9 billion rescinded; a Lancet study projected 14 million excess deaths abroad by 2030. At home, Food for Peace had bought U.S. commodities for shipment abroad. Canadian trips to the United States fell 25% in 2025, Canadian provinces pulled U.S. alcohol from shelves, and U.S. wine exports to Canada fell from $447 million to $104 million. In July 2026 the United States declined to renew the North American trade pact for sixteen years, putting it on annual review.

Border-state tourism in New York, Washington, Vermont, Maine, Michigan and Florida, and wine and spirits producers in California, Kentucky and Oregon absorbed the losses. Auto and farm supply chains face yearly uncertainty about the trade agreement.

83% of aid programs cancelled; Food for Peace moved to the Agriculture Department

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan United States Agency for International Development (2025 dismantling) (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan 2025 Canadian boycott of the United States (Wikipedia)
• Nonpartisan United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (Wikipedia)

Future updates to the food-cost formula behind benefit amounts must be cost-neutral, so benefits can only track inflation, never be modernized upward as they were in 2021. Internet costs no longer count toward the shelter deduction, the standard utility allowance is limited for households without an elderly or disabled member, and the SNAP nutrition-education program was eliminated.

For most households this is a few dollars a month less and no chance of a future increase. For a family whose benefit was already stretched, it shows up in the last week of the month.

Re-evaluation of Thrifty Food Plan (and Secs. 10103, 10104, 10107)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan By the numbers: the megabill's health and food assistance cuts (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities)

In February 2025 the acting director ordered all bureau staff to stop work and closed headquarters; a court blocked mass firings, but the bureau then announced it would not prioritize enforcement outside pending cases, dropped oversight of buy-now-pay-later lenders and withdrew a proposed rule on data brokers. The law then cut its maximum funding from 12% to 6.5% of the Federal Reserve's operating budget. The bureau has returned more than $20 billion to consumers since 2011 through enforcement against banks, lenders, debt collectors and credit bureaus.

Fewer examiners and fewer enforcement actions against overdraft-fee abuses, medical-debt reporting errors, and predatory lenders. The agency handles complaints for every consumer with a bank account, credit card, mortgage or student loan.

Funding cap for the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan Trump's "big beautiful bill" slashes CFPB funding: what it means for you (CNBC)
• Nonpartisan GAO details CFPB reorganization, funding cuts and litigation (Consumer Financial Services Law Monitor)
• Official The CFPB budget: background, trends, and policy options (Congressional Research Service)
• Conservative Scott applauds Senate passage of the One Big Beautiful Bill (Senate Banking Committee (Chair Tim Scott, R-S.C.))

The Government Accountability Office found that Congress rescinded $6.4 billion of unspent Inflation Reduction Act money in the One Big Beautiful Bill, and that in response to January 2025 executive orders the EPA, Transportation, Interior and Commerce departments cancelled roughly 800 awards worth $17.8 billion, with thousands more under review.

Locally this looked like the Transportation Department's September 2025 termination of approved trail, bike-lane and pedestrian-safety grants, and the cancellation of the $2.4 billion program that funded projects reconnecting neighborhoods split by highways. Cities had hired engineers and matched funds on the strength of awards that were then withdrawn.

GAO-26-108434

Funding cut, frozen or shifted. Opens the primary source.

• Official Status of IRA and IIJA funds: rescissions and cancelled awards (Government Accountability Office (GAO-26-108434))
• Advocacy The reconciliation bill takes back billions from locally led projects (Transportation for America)
• Nonpartisan Trump cancels grants for pedestrian safety, bike lanes (Governing)

The rule would have required gyms, streaming services and software vendors to let customers cancel through the same channel they signed up in. The court found the commission skipped a required preliminary analysis. The current commission opened a new rulemaking in early 2026 rather than appeal.

No federal easy-cancel requirement is in force. Consumers rely on state laws in California, New York and a few others, and on case-by-case FTC suits. A new rule is at least a year away.

Struck on procedural grounds six days before it took effect; the FTC did not appeal

Decided by a federal court. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan FTC moves to revive click-to-cancel rule following Eighth Circuit vacatur (Crowell & Moring)
• Nonpartisan FTC restarts negative option rulemaking after Eighth Circuit vacatur (Gibson Dunn)

Callers under 25 could press 3, text PRIDE or chat with counselors trained for LGBTQ+ youth crises. The service had handled about 1.5 million contacts since 2022 and hit record volume in the months before it closed. The agency said it would "no longer silo" those services.

LGBTQ+ youth attempt suicide at several times the rate of their peers. Callers now reach general counselors. California, Colorado, Illinois, Nevada and North Carolina moved to train counselors or fund alternatives, and The Trevor Project's own line continues without federal routing.

Congress kept 988's $520 million budget while the specialized service was zeroed

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official SAMHSA statement on the 988 press 3 option (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)
• Nonpartisan Trump administration ends 988 suicide prevention service for LGBTQ+ youth (NPR)
• Nonpartisan The national suicide hotline for LGBTQ+ youth shut down; states are scrambling to help (KFF Health News)

The law clawed back the Corporation for Public Broadcasting's entire two-year appropriation and most of a year's foreign aid, sparing $400 million for the PEPFAR AIDS program. The corporation announced its closure in August 2025 and its board voted to dissolve in January 2026.

The corporation funded more than 1,500 local stations. Rural stations received 45% of the money and for some it was more than half their revenue, so the losses fall on local news, children's programming and the emergency-alert relays those stations carry. Republicans Susan Collins, Lisa Murkowski, Mark Amodei and Brian Fitzpatrick voted no.

Passed 216–213 in the House and 51–48 in the Senate; rescinded $1.07 billion for public broadcasting and $7.9 billion in foreign aid

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Official Rescissions Act of 2025, Public Law 119-28 (govinfo.gov)
• Nonpartisan What's in the Rescissions Act of 2025? (USAFacts)
• Nonpartisan Corporation for Public Broadcasting (Wikipedia)

The 2022 CHIPS and Science Act funded semiconductor factories and a national research network. The factory grants largely survived, but the Commerce Department cancelled $7.8 billion of the $11 billion research appropriation, including the $7.4 billion National Semiconductor Technology Center award, and took a 9.9% equity stake in Intel as a condition of grants Congress had already appropriated.

Research jobs and university partnerships that were funded on paper did not happen, and companies planning decade-long investments saw the rules change twice in a year. The One Big Beautiful Bill raised the semiconductor investment credit from 25% to 35%, which the industry welcomed.

GAO-26-109121

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official CHIPS for America: status of incentive and R&D funds (Government Accountability Office (GAO-26-109121))
• Nonpartisan Commerce cuts $7.4 billion in CHIPS Act funding for Natcast (Manufacturing Dive)
• Conservative Commerce demands equity from tech companies as condition of federal funding (Fox Business)
• Advocacy SIA applauds passage of strengthened semiconductor investment credit (Semiconductor Industry Association)

The president tried to fire a Fed governor over unproven allegations, and the Justice Department subpoenaed the Fed over the chair's testimony; courts blocked both. Kevin Warsh became chair in May 2026 on a 54–45 vote, the narrowest ever. The Fed held rates at 3.50% to 3.75% in July 2026, citing elevated inflation.

The average 30-year mortgage rate was 6.76% in the week of September 10, 2026, against 6.91% the week the term began and 6.35% a year earlier. On a $400,000 loan the rise from a year ago adds roughly $100 a month. Higher federal borrowing, tariffs and the energy shock are the reasons the Fed gives for not cutting.

A 5–4 decision held that the attempted removal of Governor Lisa Cook was unconstitutional; a grand-jury probe of Chair Powell was quashed as an effort to "harass and pressure" him

Decided by a federal court. Opens the primary source.

• Official 30-year fixed mortgage rate, weekly (MORTGAGE30US) (Freddie Mac via FRED)
• Nonpartisan Lisa Cook (Wikipedia)
• Official Board of Governors: members (Federal Reserve)
• Nonpartisan Supreme Court says Fed's Lisa Cook can stay in her job (NPR)

The FDA commissioner announced that COVID vaccines would be approved only for people 65 and older and for anyone six months and up with a listed risk condition. The fall 2025 vaccines carried those labels. A separate directive dropping the recommendation for healthy children and pregnant women was found in March 2026 to have "no legal effect."

The FDA's own estimate is that 100 to 200 million Americans remain eligible. Healthy adults under 65 need a listed condition such as asthma, diabetes or obesity to get a shot on-label, and pharmacy access for others varied by state in fall 2025. Insurers said they would keep covering the shots through 2026, so the barrier is eligibility rather than cost.

Approval for healthy people under 65 now requires new randomized trials

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan FDA to limit COVID-19 vaccine to people over 65 and others at high risk (American Hospital Association)
• Conservative Trump FDA overhauls COVID-19 vaccine approval (Fox News)
• Nonpartisan FDA approves fall COVID shots, but with new restrictions (NBC News)

The FDA began what it calls a well-controlled review of the drug's safety data. No label change has been made. If the agency reinstates in-person dispensing or cuts the ten-week limit, telehealth prescribing and mailing would end everywhere, not only in states with bans.

Medication abortion is about two-thirds of abortions in the United States, and mailing is how patients in restrictive states get it. Nothing has changed for patients yet.

Ordered by the health secretary; a Louisiana federal judge paused the state's lawsuit pending the review

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan The latest on medication abortion access: the court awaits the FDA review (KFF)
• Conservative Mifepristone faces renewed scrutiny amid FDA review and litigation (Care Net)

The proclamation barred entry of new H-1B workers unless the employer paid $100,000. A judge set it aside in a twenty-state suit. The department responded with a proposed $103,265 fee on every cap-subject petition, exempting universities and nonprofit research bodies, and changed the lottery to weight applicants by wage level.

The department itself projects $8.8 billion a year in revenue from about 85,000 petitions. The American Enterprise Institute, a conservative think tank, warns the fee undermines placement of foreign physicians in underserved rural areas. Supporters argue it raises wages for U.S. technology workers.

A federal judge held the payment was a tax Congress never authorized; the lottery now favors higher-paid applicants

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Proclamation: restriction on entry of certain nonimmigrant workers (The White House)
• Nonpartisan Judge rules the $100,000 H-1B fee is an unlawful tax (CBS News)
• Conservative Federal judge strikes down $100,000 fee on H-1B visa workers (Washington Examiner)
• Official DHS proposes additional H-1B fee (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services)
• Conservative Visa fee raises a new barrier to health care (American Enterprise Institute)
• Official Weighted selection process for cap-subject H-1B petitions (Federal Register)

Brookings found that cities with 2025 ICE surges had employment 0.69% lower eleven months later, about four jobs lost per arrest, roughly half of them jobs U.S.-born workers would have held. The Labor Department's October 2025 rule cut the H-2A guest-worker wage floor by two to three dollars an hour in most states for 2026.

For a metro the size of Atlanta that is about 13,000 jobs, concentrated in construction, hospitality and agriculture. Farm employers save two to three thousand dollars per worker per season; farmworkers earn less. The September 2025 raid on the Hyundai-LG battery plant in Georgia detained 475 workers and delayed the plant by two to three months.

Brookings study of 2025 surge cities, September 2026

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan Beyond arrests: how ICE enforcement depressed local employment in 2025 (Brookings Institution)
• Nonpartisan H-2A: wage rule and dairy (UC Davis Rural Migration News)
• Conservative Adverse effect wage rate changes for 2026–2027 (American Farm Bureau Federation)
• Nonpartisan 2025 Georgia Hyundai plant immigration raid (Wikipedia)

The rule creates a process for the Education Department to declare a nonprofit or government employer ineligible for the forgiveness program. Borrowers keep credit for months already worked before a determination, and employers can regain eligibility.

Nurses, social workers, lawyers and others at organizations the department targets, such as immigrant-aid groups or clinics providing gender-affirming care, could stop accruing qualifying months toward the ten years the program requires. Lawsuits by cities and nonprofits were filed; their outcome is not settled.

Lets the department declare employers with a "substantial illegal purpose" ineligible; the order names aiding illegal immigration and gender-affirming care for minors among the examples

Signed by the President. Opens the primary source.

• Official Executive Order 14235: Restoring Public Service Loan Forgiveness (Federal Register)
• Official Final rule: William D. Ford Federal Direct Loan Program (PSLF employer eligibility) (Federal Register)

The IRS's free, government-run tax-filing tool served taxpayers in 25 states in 2025. The law did not abolish it outright but funded a plan to replace it with a public-private option, and the IRS ended Direct File before the 2026 season.

People with simple returns go back to paid software or the more limited Free File partnership, at the same time as new deductions (tips, overtime, seniors, car loans) make simple returns less simple.

Follow-on: the law funded a task force to replace Direct File (Sec. 70607); the IRS then ended the program

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan IRS Direct File will not be available in 2026, agency tells states (Federal News Network)

For taxpayers who itemize, charitable gifts are deductible only above 0.5% of adjusted gross income, and the value of itemized deductions is capped at 35 cents on the dollar for the top bracket. Non-itemizers get a new $1,000 ($2,000 joint) deduction.

A household with $300,000 of income loses the deduction on its first $1,500 of giving every year. Charities expect fewer large gifts.

0.5 percent floor on deduction of contributions made by individuals

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan OBBBA tax planning: SALT cap, senior deduction, and more (Kitces.com (financial-planning))
• Conservative FAQ: the One Big Beautiful Bill Act tax changes (Tax Foundation)

A 1% excise tax on remittances funded with cash, money orders or cashier's checks. Transfers funded from a U.S. bank account or debit or credit card are exempt.

The exemption means the tax falls on people without bank accounts, who are disproportionately low-income workers sending money to family. It works out to $10 on every $1,000 sent home.

Excise tax on certain remittance transfers

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan How the "one big beautiful bill" targets immigrant finances (CNBC)
• Advocacy What's in the Big Beautiful Bill? Immigration and border security unpacked (American Immigration Council)

The longest funding lapse for any agency. TSA officers missed their first full paycheck on March 13; more than 1,100 of about 50,000 quit by late April, and callout rates reached 55% at some airports, with ICE agents used at checkpoints. FEMA suspended non-disaster work. ICE kept operating on money from the One Big Beautiful Bill.

Real delays for travelers and missed pay for about 260,000 Homeland Security employees. The final law added $20 million for body cameras and $26.4 billion for the disaster relief fund.

Democrats demanded judicial warrants, body cameras and limits on operations at schools and churches; the final law funds TSA, the Coast Guard and FEMA and carves ICE out for reconciliation

Funding cut, frozen or shifted. Opens the primary source.

• Official Homeland Security appropriations, Public Law 119-86 (govinfo.gov)
• Nonpartisan Trump signs Homeland Security funding bill, ending record shutdown (PBS NewsHour)
• Nonpartisan 2026 United States federal government shutdowns (Wikipedia)

The rule withdraws the 2009 finding that greenhouse gases endanger public health and rescinds every federal greenhouse-gas standard for cars, trucks and heavy vehicles from model year 2012 onward, along with the credit-trading and reporting systems. EPA claims $1.3 trillion in avoided compliance costs. Separately, the One Big Beautiful Bill set the fuel-economy penalty to zero.

Automakers no longer face federal limits tied to fuel use, so the lifetime fuel savings the standards were designed to deliver to drivers are no longer required. California and more than a dozen states plan to keep their own rules, splitting the market. The average new vehicle cost $50,089 in August 2026, up 1.9% in a year, so there is no sign the savings reached sticker prices.

Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2025-0194; the agency did not estimate the health and environmental costs

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Nonpartisan EPA repealed the endangerment finding and vehicle greenhouse-gas standards (Harvard Environmental & Energy Law Program)
• Nonpartisan EPA finalizes repeal of greenhouse gas endangerment finding (Jones Day)
• Nonpartisan Congress eliminates CAFE penalties for passenger cars and light trucks (Sidley Austin)
• Conservative Car companies won't be fined for missing arbitrary fuel-efficiency goals (Reason)
• Nonpartisan Average new-vehicle transaction price moves back above $50,000 in August (Cox Automotive / Kelley Blue Book)

The 2024 update cut the allowed emission of toxic metals by 67%, tightened the mercury limit for lignite plants by 70%, and required continuous monitoring. The repeal drops all three. EPA's own 2024 analysis said the update would remove about 1,000 pounds of mercury a year and produce $300 million in health benefits.

Mercury damages developing brains, and the burden falls on people downwind of the roughly 200 remaining coal units, mostly in the Midwest, Appalachia and Texas. The Sierra Club calculates the dirtiest plants can now emit 50% more mercury. A separate proposal to repeal carbon limits on power plants would forgo standards EPA projected would prevent up to 1,200 premature deaths a year by 2035.

Reverts to the 2012 limits; EPA has also stopped counting avoided deaths and asthma attacks as benefits when writing air rules

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (Environmental Protection Agency)
• Nonpartisan Mercury and Air Toxics Standards tracker (Harvard Environmental & Energy Law Program)
• Official EPA finalizes standards to reduce pollution from fossil-fuel power plants (2024) (Environmental Protection Agency)
• Advocacy How EPA's rollbacks could fuel toxic pollution nationwide (American Lung Association)

The 2024 rule set the first national limits on PFAS in drinking water. The proposal would rescind four of them, arguing the prior agency skipped required steps, and give utilities two more years to meet the two that remain.

Anyone whose utility's problem is GenX, as around Cape Fear in North Carolina, or PFHxS and PFNA rather than PFOA and PFOS would lose federal protection; everyone else waits up to two more years. Utilities and ratepayers avoid near-term treatment costs.

Keeps the 4 parts-per-trillion limits on PFOA and PFOS but lets water systems take until 2031; rescinds the limits on PFHxS, PFNA, GenX and mixtures

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official Proposed PFAS rescission rule (Environmental Protection Agency)
• Official Proposed PFOA and PFOS compliance extension rule (Environmental Protection Agency)
• Nonpartisan EPA rescinds PFAS ruling, extends compliance deadlines (Water Conditioning & Purification)

Students whose Student Aid Index is at least twice the maximum Pell award, and students whose other grants and scholarships cover their full cost of attendance, are no longer eligible. Foreign income is added back for the calculation. Separately, a new Workforce Pell for 8-to-15-week job programs starts.

The full-scholarship rule hits low-income students who won competitive scholarships; the Pell money they used for books, transportation and living costs disappears.

Eligibility (and Sec. 83004, Federal Pell Grant exclusion relating to other grant aid)

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan ED details 2026–27 FAFSA and Pell Grant eligibility changes (National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators)
• Official Workforce Pell and Pell Grant exclusion rule (U.S. Department of Education (FSA))

Payroll growth averaged about 31,000 jobs a month over the twelve months before August 2026, with federal employment still falling. Average hourly earnings rose 3.1% over the year to July while consumer prices rose 3.4%, so real hourly earnings fell 0.2%.

The typical paycheck buys slightly less than a year ago. The University of Michigan's consumer sentiment index was 51.7 in August 2026, 11% below a year earlier, with the survey director citing gasoline prices from the Iran conflict. The president fired the BLS commissioner in August 2025 after a weak jobs report, alleging without evidence that the numbers were rigged; no successor has been confirmed, and economists across the spectrum warned that the firing undermines trust in the data used to set Social Security cost-of-living adjustments.

Payrolls +162,000 in August after averaging 31,000 a month over the prior year; unemployment 4.1%

Done by a federal department. Opens the primary source.

• Official The Employment Situation, August 2026 (Bureau of Labor Statistics)
• Official Real Earnings, July 2026 (Bureau of Labor Statistics)
• Nonpartisan Surveys of Consumers (University of Michigan)
• Conservative August jobs report: U.S. adds 162,000 positions, unemployment at 4.1% (Fox Business)
• Nonpartisan Trump fires BLS commissioner after weak jobs report (NBC News)
• Conservative Chief Counsel Mulligan makes statement on firing of BLS commissioner (SBA Office of Advocacy)

The state-and-local-tax deduction cap rises to $40,000 in 2025 and 1% a year after, but shrinks back toward $10,000 for incomes above $500,000 and snaps back to $10,000 for everyone in 2030.

Households between $500,000 and $600,000 of income face an effective marginal rate spike as the deduction phases out, and every homeowner in a high-tax state faces a tax increase in 2030 unless Congress acts again.

Limitation on individual deductions for certain state and local taxes, etc.

Passed by Congress and signed. Opens the enacted text at that section.

• Nonpartisan OBBBA tax planning: SALT cap, senior deduction, and more (Kitces.com (financial-planning))
• Conservative FAQ: the One Big Beautiful Bill Act tax changes (Tax Foundation)